Moles, also known medically as “nevus,” are benign skin lesions that typically appear in brown, black, or skin-colored shades. They result from the clustering of skin pigment cells called melanocytes. Moles are usually harmless, but in some cases, they can increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to regularly monitor moles that change in shape, color, or size, and have them evaluated by a dermatologist.
Diagnosis of Moles (Nevus)
The diagnosis of moles is typically made through a dermatological examination. The dermatologist evaluates the mole’s shape, borders, color, size, and surface characteristics to determine if it carries any cancer risk. This assessment is usually done according to the ABCDE method, which includes the following criteria:
- A (Asymmetry): One half of the mole looks different from the other half.
- B (Border): The edges of the mole are irregular, not smooth.
- C (Color): The mole has more than one color.
- D (Diameter): The mole’s diameter is larger than 6 mm.
- E (Evolution): The mole shows changes in shape, color, or size over time.
If a more thorough examination is needed, a dermatoscope, which is a special magnifying device, may be used. In suspicious cases, a biopsy may be performed to analyze the tissue pathologically.
Treatment of Moles (Nevus)
Most moles do not require treatment; however, treatment may be considered for cosmetic reasons or if the mole carries a risk of cancer. Treatment options include:
- Surgical Excision: Suspicious or large moles are surgically removed under local anesthesia. This procedure ensures complete removal of the mole and allows the tissue to be sent for pathological examination.
- Cryotherapy (Freezing): For some small and superficial moles, the freezing method may be used to destroy the mole tissue.
- Laser Treatment: Laser treatment may be used for cosmetic purposes on superficial and benign moles. However, laser treatment is generally applied only for aesthetic concerns and is not used for evaluating suspicious moles.
Monitoring and Follow-up
It is important for moles to be periodically checked by a dermatologist. If a new mole appears or changes are noticed in an existing mole, a specialist should be consulted immediately. Regular mole monitoring is critical for individuals at risk of skin cancer, as it plays a vital role in early diagnosis and treatment.
